The Legacy of Sikandar Lodi The historical foundation of Agra is often attributed to Sultan Sikandar Lodi of the Lodi dynasty. He established Agra as a city in 1504 CE, transferring his capital from Delhi to this new, strategically located city on the banks of the Yamuna River. Sikandar Lodi's vision was to create a fortified city that could serve as a stronghold and administrative hub. Under Sikandar Lodi's reign, Agra witnessed the construction of numerous mosques, administrative buildings, and fortifications. He fostered an environment conducive to cultural and economic growth, making Agra a thriving center for trade and culture. The city's layout and planning reflected the strategic and architectural foresight of the Lodi rulers, which would later influence the Mughal emperors. Sikandar Lodi’s decision to establish Agra laid the groundwork for its transformation into a Mughal stronghold and, eventually, a city synonymous with some of the world's most celebrated monuments.
Sightseeing in Agra Agra is renowned for its architectural wonders and historical landmarks. Here is a curated list of must-see sites that encapsulate the city's grandeur and historical significance.
The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, this white marble mausoleum stands as a symbol of eternal love. Completed in 1653, the Taj Mahal is renowned for its stunning architecture, intricate marble inlay work, and picturesque gardens.
The Agra Fort, another UNESCO World Heritage site, served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until 1638. Constructed by Emperor Akbar in 1565, this red sandstone fortress showcases the transition from earlier Islamic architecture to a more distinct Mughal style. Notable structures within the fort include the Jahangir Mahal, the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), and the Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors).
Located 40 kilometers from Agra, Fatehpur Sikri was founded by Emperor Akbar in 1571 and served as the Mughal capital for 14 years. This UNESCO World Heritage site is famous for its well-preserved red sandstone buildings. Highlights include the Buland Darwaza (Gate of Magnificence), the Jama Masjid, and the Tomb of Salim Chishti, a revered Sufi saint.
Often referred to as the "Baby Taj," the tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah is a Mughal mausoleum built between 1622 and 1628. Commissioned by Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, this tomb marks a significant departure from the massive, red sandstone constructions of its time, featuring intricate inlay work in white marble.
Mehtab Bagh, also known as the "Moonlight Garden," is located across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal. It provides one of the best panoramic views of the Taj Mahal, especially during sunset. The garden was originally laid out by Emperor Babur as the last of the 11 Mughal-built gardens along the Yamuna.
The tomb of Akbar the Great is located in Sikandra, about 13 kilometers from Agra. This mausoleum, completed in 1613, reflects a blend of Hindu and Muslim architectural styles. The massive gateway and the four-tiered tomb structure set in a vast garden provide insights into the artistic sensibilities of Akbar's reign.
Built by Shah Jahan in 1648, the Jama Masjid in Agra is one of the largest mosques in India. Its grand architecture, featuring an intricate facade and expansive courtyard, reflects the Mughal affinity for monumental structures. The mosque, which is still in use today, is located opposite the Agra Fort.
Chini Ka Rauza is a mausoleum dedicated to Allama Afzal Khan Mullah, a scholar and poet in the court of Shah Jahan. Built in 1635, it is renowned for its unique Persian-influenced glazed tile work, known as chini, which gives the monument its name. This structure stands out for its ornate decoration and relatively understated elegance.
The Moti Masjid, or Pearl Mosque, is part of the Agra Fort complex and was built by Shah Jahan. Its pristine white marble architecture and elegant design earned it the name "Pearl Mosque." It served as a private mosque for the emperor and the royal family.
Kinari Bazaar is one of Agra's most popular and vibrant markets, offering a wide range of traditional items including textiles, jewelry, handicrafts, and street food. The narrow lanes are filled with colorful shops and the hustle and bustle of daily commerce, giving visitors a taste of Agra's lively market culture.
